Dermatology Reports

Proposal of a new dermoscopic criterion for pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a multicentre retrospective study

Thu, 24 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Dermoscopy is widely used for the diagnosis of skin cancer and it increases the accuracy of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) detection. BCC dermoscopic criteria have been updated and divided into vascular, pigment-related, and non-vascular/non-pigmentrelated. Our multicenter retrospective study tested a new dermoscopic pigment-related characteristic to detect pigmented BCC (pBCC) [brown homogeneous blotches (BHB)]. Cases of pBCC were collected from the databases of IDI-IRCCS of Rome and from three Italian private dermatology centers. BHB are confined patches of brown uniform pigmentation without dermoscopic features (net, fat fingers, etc.) or other internal dermoscopic structures, except for occasional vascular ones like arborizing vessels or globules/dots. Melanocytic and non-melanocytic controls were used. We reviewed photos of 270 pigmented lesions (female 145; 51.8%), including 90 histopathologically verified pBCC and 180 control cases (90 melanocytic and 90 non-melanocytic). BHB were found in 61 cases of 90 pBCC patients. The results showed a 67.8 sensitivity, 93.3 specificity, 83.6 positive and 85.3 negative predictive values, posLR 10.2, negLR 0.3, odds ratio 29.4, p<0.001. Our multicentre retrospective analysis suggested the BHB may be a novel dermoscopic pBCC diagnosis criterion.

Topical minoxidil reported hair discoloration: a cross-sectional study

Thu, 10 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Minoxidil is a widely utilized medication androgenic alopecia. An original investigation on its potential to cause hair darkening in treated people is lacking. We conducted an observational study using two face-validated questionnaires that dermatologists altered to assess minoxidil’s hair discolouration risk. This Saudi Arabian survey collected data in October and November 2022. One questionnaire targeted the population, while the other targeted dermatologists. Survey 1 included 453 patients, 56.7% of whom were 18-24 and mostly female. It’s interesting that 26% (n=118) detected hair greying and 14.8% (n=67) noticed other color changes. With P-values of 0.0001, longer-term minoxidil users and those with a family history of hair greying had higher hair discolouration. Dermatologists completed Survey 2 (57 participants). Nearly 60% of dermatologists have ten years of experience. 42.1% of dermatologists saw grey hair after minoxidil use. 17.5% of doctors blame minoxidil for hair graying. This observational study examined the data of over 400 patients to determine if minoxidil could cause hair discoloration. Based on the data, we hypothesize that this drug may cause hair discoloration with prolonged use and in people with a family history of hair greying.

Analysis of interleukin 7 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB mRNA expression as potential markers in erythema nodosum leprosum

Tue, 12 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immunological complication of leprosy characterized by acute inflammation of the skin, nerves, and other organs. Identifying laboratory parameters is important for early diagnosis of leprosy reactions. Various cytokine biomarkers have been examined and only a few studies have reported on angiogenesis in leprosy. This study aims to understand the pathomechanism of ENL by examining IL-7 and plateletderived growth factor (PDGF)-BB mRNA expression that can be the development and consideration of new effective therapies to prevent reactions, recurrences, and defects in leprosy. The study used a cross-sectional analytic design. Sampling was done by peripheral blood from the patient and measuring mRNA expression with specific primers RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA IL-7 and PDGF-BB was significantly different between multibasilar patients without reaction and with ENL reaction, where there was an increased expression in ENL patients. This could be used as the development of potential biomarkers in ENL and development of new therapeutic intervention pathways in ENL.

Follicular scales, scalp and ocular involvement in patients with papulopustular rosacea: prevalence and association with Demodex mite proliferation

Ilaria Trave, Emanuele Cozzani, Ilaria Salvi, Aurora Parodi — Fri, 25 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Facial follicular scales, dandruff, scalp itching and ocular alterations are lesser-known signs of rosacea and demodicosis. The aim of this prospective original study was to investigate the presence of these signs and symptoms in patients with almostclear, mild and moderate papulopustular rosacea (PPR) and to study the differences between Demodex-positive (D+) and Demodex-negative (D-) rosacea. Twenty-seven out of 60 patients (45%) presented follicular scales, 24 (40%) ocular involvement and 22 (36.67%) scalp involvement. Follicular scales were more frequently observed in mild and moderate than in almost-clear rosacea (P<0.001). Itching of the scalp was more frequently reported in patients with moderate rosacea than in those with mild disease (P=0.05). Follicular scales (P=0.002) and scalp itching (P=0.05) were more frequently reported in D+ than in D- patients. Among D+ patients, scalp itching was more frequently reported in mild than in almost clear rosacea (P=0.01) and ocular symptoms associated to scalp itching were more frequently reported in moderate than in almost-clear rosacea (P=0.05). We suggest looking for these signs and symptoms in all patients with PPR, because they can be a sign of a more severe form of rosacea or of demodicosis.

Natural language processing of online support group postings reveals patients’ perspectives on strategies for managing psoriasis

Karan Rajalingam, Phillip M. Johansen, Nicole J. Levin, Jerry Qi, Oge Marques — Mon, 11 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder, and patients encounter high physical and psychosocial burdens. Social media forums feature extensive patient-generated comments. We hypothesized that analyzing patient-posted comments using natural language processing would provide insights into patient engagements, sentiments, concerns, and support, which are vital for the holistic management of psoriasis. We collected 32,000 active user comments posted on Reddit. We applied Latent Dirichlet Allocation to categorize posts into popular topics and employed spectral clustering to establish cohesive themes and word representation frequency within these topics. We sorted posts into 29 significant topics of discussion and categorized them into four categories: management (37.48%), emotion (21.57%), presentation (19.79%), and others (3.57%). The frequent posts on management were diet (7.23%), biologics (6.95%), and adverse effects (3.88%). The emotion category comprised negative sentiments (11.02%), encouragement (5.49%), and gratitude (5.06%). The presentation topic included a discussion of scalp (5.69%), flare-timing (3.63%), and arthritis (2.64%). Others comprised differential diagnosis (5.01%), leaky gut (4.12%), and referrals (3.70%). This study identified patients’ experiences and perspectives associated with psoriasis, which should be considered to tailor support systems to improve their quality of life.

A case of cutaneous variant of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in which dermoscopy revealed telangiectasias associated with erythematous induration

Shigeru Koizumi, Yaei Togawa, Yuka Saeki, Ryo Shimizu, Michiyo Nakano — Wed, 13 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal, diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma characterized by the selective growth of lymphoma cells within the lumen of small blood vessels, with no lymphadenopathy or masses. Herein, we report a cutaneous variant of IVLBCL that is rare in Asia. A healthy 73-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with painful erythematous indurations and telangiectasia of the lower extremities, which was confirmed on dermoscopy. Physical examination revealed no systemic involvement, and laboratory parameters were within normal ranges. No abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake was detected on 18FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Histopathological examination revealed proliferation and dilatation of blood vessels in the subcutis layer, occluded by CD20-positive atypical lymphoid cells. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with a cutaneous variant of IVLBCL without systemic symptoms. In conclusion, it is important to confirm telangiectasia using dermoscopy and perform skin biopsies in patients presenting with sudden-onset erythematous induration.

Reconstruction of retroauricolar surgical defect using the “jigsaw puzzle” advancement flap

Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

We present the case of a 55-year-old male patient who came to our attention because of a basal cell carcinoma of the right retroauricolar area, near the mastoid-auricle border. The tumor had a size of about 1.5 cm. Repairing retroauricolar surgical defects may be actually very challenging, firstly because an incorrect reconstruction may result in severe deformities which are extremely hard to conceal; so, we decided to employ the “jigsaw puzzle” advancement flap, a versatile flap, firstly successfully used in the reconstruction of a nasal ala defect.

Isotretinoin-unresponsive acne as a sign of a congenital disorder: a case of 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Elisa Marzola, Vincenzo Bettoli — Thu, 24 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Acne is a multifactorial and common disorder among young people and a frequent reason for dermatology consultation. When moderate-to-severe acne is not responsive to conventional treatments, oral isotretinoin is a very effective solution. However, there are cases in which this treatment fails to produce the expected results. In this case, an 18-year-old male patient with acne, unresponsive to traditional acne therapies, experienced only a partial benefit from oral isotretinoin. Endocrinology consultation and hormonal work-up revealed androgen metabolism anomalies suggestive of a non-classical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In this case report, the authors discuss when to

Giant major aphtha

Andrea E. Beretta, Eleonora Leoni, Dario A. Marletta, Stefano Veraldi — Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Major aphthae are usually located on the dorsum of the tongue, the mucosal surface of the lips and the palate. They are large, round or oval ulcers, with a whitish-grey bed, well-defined borders and erythematous halo. They are very often accompanied by severe pain. Major aphthae can take up to four months to heal, often with a scar. Relapses are possible. We present a case of giant major aphtha that was previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.

A severe psoriasis flare after COVID-19 treated with risankizumab: complete skin clearance after 16 weeks

Tue, 06 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The development of flares or new-onset of immune-mediated dermatologic diseases, including psoriasis, has occurred with the worldwide spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who came to our department with a severe flare of plaque psoriasis four weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Her Psoriasis Area Severity Index was 25, and her Dermatology Life Quality Index was 18. Our initial decision was to prescribe acitretin, but the patients reported adverse events. For this reason, we started risankizumab with complete skin clearance after 16 weeks. The patient is still on treatment, and no adverse events have been reported to date.

A case of grade 3 squamous cell carcinoma successfully treated with methotrexate

Giovanni Sarracco, Fabio Rinaldi, Francesco Cusano — Thu, 14 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a nonmelanoma skin cancer whose lesions mostly arise on lightexposed sites. Patients with compromised immunity, Fitzpatrick I or II skin phototype, and previous burn scars or radiations are more at risk of developing it. The treatment of choice for cSCC is surgery; however nonsurgical options are generally reserved for patients who refuse a very invasive treatment or cannot tolerate a surgical procedure. We report a case of cSCC successfully treated with intralesional methotrexate.

Fingertip ischemia following intralesional injection of Candida albicans antigen for treatment of a subungual wart

Brogan G.A. Evans, Harry Newman-Plotnick, Adnan Prsic — Wed, 09 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Subungual or periungual cutaneous warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These lesions can be refractory to destructive therapy, necessitating the use of intralesional immunotherapies such as Candida albicans antigen. In this case report, we present a 23-year-old female who sustained distal fingertip soft tissue necrosis following intralesional injection of Candida albicans antigen for the treatment of a refractory subungual wart. While this patient recovered appropriately with conservative bedside debridement and local wound care, intralesional injections to the digit, or hand are not without sequela. It’s important to inject intradermally while avoiding the digital vasculature underneath. In this case, the radial digital vessels were traumatized upon injection, leading to digital ischemia and soft tissue necrosis. While isolated soft tissue ischemia without compromised perfusion can be treated conservatively, these injuries should be evaluated by a hand surgeon to determine the need for emergent revascularization, or future soft tissue reconstruction.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as a blueberry muffin rash

Wed, 09 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Langerhans cells, often referred to as the “macrophages of the skin”, are dendritic cells that normally reside in the epidermis and papillary dermis. Just like macrophages, they function as antigen-presenting cells that activate naive T cells. Certain mutations such as those involving the BRAF gene can cause unopposed production of Langerhans cells, which is known as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). LCH triggers an inflammatory immune response that causes systemic manifestations such as fever and fatigue, as well as other manifestations depending on the affected organs. The pathogenesis behind LCH remains poorly understood. It is still unknown whether it is a neoplastic process or a reactive cancer-mimicking illness. Diagnosis of LCH is confirmed by biopsy, and treatment is largely dependent on the extent and severity of the disease. Common treatments include corticosteroids, excision, radiation, and chemotherapy. We present a case of a 1- year-old Saudi male with LCH.

Trunk hair removal treatment with diode laser 810 nm in men population

Giovanni Cannarozzo, Beatrice Marina Pennati, Tiziano Zingoni — Fri, 25 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the last years, hair removal has been one of the most common treatments performed for aesthetic purposes, especially in women. Nevertheless, even if it is less popular, the demand within men population has risen. The study aimed to assess the acceptability of the diode 810 nm treatment for hair removal on the back and chest area in men thanks to the speed of treatment and the absence of undesirable effects. For this study, 20 patients were treated for hair removal. They were men with a mean age of 30.5 (±7.3). They underwent 4 treatment sessions at 40-day intervals on the trunk (chest and back area). Patients ranged between a Fitzpatrick phototype I (20%, 4/20) to IV (15%, 3/20) (40% were type II and 25% type III). Moreover, patients were asked to report pain intensity sensation with a visual analogue scale. Overall, in the study population, a hair reduction of 80.6% (±2.8) was registered in the treated areas. The device described in this study was demonstrated to be highly efficient in extended body areas and on difficult-to-treat hair follicles like on the back and chest in the men population.

Cost analysis in the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis: comparison between conventional and biological systemic therapies

Mon, 19 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an important socio-economic burden. Available therapies include conventional systemic drugs and biological drugs, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α inhibitors, that are characterized by high costs. Aim. Perform a cost-estimation analysis of conventional treatment vs therapy with biosimilar TNF-α inhibitor between January 2021 and January 2022, according to the Apulia regional cost list. Methods. The average annual expenditure per patient on conventional treatment (cyclosporine and methotrexate) vs therapy with biosimilar TNF-α inhibitor was compared. The 'cost per responder' was determined by analyzing the percentages of 'responders' (patients achieving PASI 75 and PASI 90) and 'non-responders' (PASI <75) after one year of treatment. Results. The annual per capita expenditure with cyclosporin was €3,515.35, with methotrexate was €1,048.87, while for treatment with TNF-α biosimilar inhibitor drug was €3,030.11. The "cost per responder" analysis showed a value of €8,573 for cyclosporine, €2,834 for methotrexate, and €3,564 for TNF-α biosimilar inhibitor. Conclusions. Conventional drugs have a greater impact on healthcare expenditure than TNF-α biosimilar inhibitors.

Nodular basal cell carcinoma on an autologous split-thickness skin graft after melanoma surgery

Martina Mussi, Corrado Zengarini, Aurora Alessandrini, Emi Dika — Thu, 24 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Dear Editor,
Skin grafts are used for multiple intents. In the field of oncologic surgery, they cover tissue-deficient areas following tumor excision. When used for this purpose, they can present relapses of the pre-existing neoplasm. This case report presents a rare onset of a novel basal cell carcinoma on a skin graft executed in previous melanoma surgery [...]

A case of overlap between eosinophilic fasciitis and generalized morphea

Shigeru Koizumi, Kazuhiro Inafuku — Fri, 25 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Dear Editor,
Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare connective tissue disease that presents as a cutaneous edema and skin sclerosis of the distal extremities [...]

A case of coxsackievirus A16-induced hand-foot-mouth disease mimicking erythema multiforme

Shigeru Koizumi, Kazuhiro Inafuku — Fri, 25 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Dear Editor,
A 19-year-old woman was referred to the otolaryngology department for hearing loss in the right ear. She was diagnosed with secretory otitis media and started on oral administration of ofloxacin and carbocysteine [...]

Anisakis simplex and urticaria. What we know about its real incidence and management in dermatological settings?

Sanja Javor, Donatella Bignardi, Matteo Borro, Cesare Massone — Tue, 29 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Acute or chronic infections have been described among causes of chronic urticaria (CU). Anisakidosis is a human disease caused by the ingestion of larval nematodes of the family Anisakidae. The infestation is acquired by eating raw seafood or undercooked fish and squid. There are considerable variations in the frequency of underlying causes in the different studies and in different countries, such as differences in diets and the prevalence of infections. Anisakis simplex has been recognized as a trigger of both acute and CU manifestations. However, there is still a lack of evidence about its management and treatment in dermatology. We, therefore, reviewed some biologic properties of Anisakis simplex in order to understand the relationship between its biology and the mechanism it uses to establish chronic dermatological conditions such as urticaria and cause late complications. In addition, we herein report some concerns about the effectiveness of systemic treatment in preventing complications and management in dermatological settings.

Asian herbal medicine for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review

Nikko Vanda Limantara, Ronggo Sadono, Suci Widhiati, Retno Danarti — Fri, 25 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Asian herbal medicines have been known for decades, and some have been used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD). This chronic and persistent inflammatory skin condition causes severe morbidity and negatively impacts the quality of life. In numerous trials, traditional Chinese medicines have demonstrated clinical efficacy for AD. However, there is no well-documented summary of the wide variety of Asian herbal medicines used in treating AD. We aimed to systematically summarize the use of Asian herbal medicine in AD. An English-language literature search was performed in three electronic medical databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EBSCOhost using keywords [(“atopic dermatitis” OR “atopic eczema”) AND (“traditional” OR “herbal”)] and limited to references published between January 2015 and December 2022. The literature included newborns, infants, children, adolescents, and adults. The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension to determine the main criteria. The content and inclusiveness of the search were filtered using relevant terms (MeSH/Emtree), keywords, titles, and abstracts. Thirteen articles (12 randomized clinical trial + 1 clinical trial) reported a variety of herbal medicine compounds to treat AD with various efficacy. Most studies reported significant improvement when comparing the herbal medicine with a placebo, but only 1 study reported substantial improvement of SCORAD compared to corticosteroids. Asian herbal medicines have been studied and may be used as an alternative treatment in treating AD with fewer adverse effects. However, its role did not change the position of standard treatment in treating atopic dermatitis.

Pityriasis following COVID-19 vaccinations: a systematic review

Wed, 09 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the wake of a global COVID-19 pandemic, where innovations in vaccination technology and the speed of development and distribution have been unprecedented, a wide variety of post-vaccination cutaneous reactions have surfaced. However, there has not been a systematic review that investigates pityriasis eruptions and the associated variants following COVID-19 inoculations. A PubMed search using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was performed to find case reports from the earliest record through November 2022. Data including types of vaccination and pityriasis were extracted and a quality review was performed; 47 reports with 94 patients were found: 64.9% had pityriasis rosea (PR), 3.2% PR-like eruptions, 16.0% pityriasis rubra pilaris, 7.4% pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, 3.2% pityriasis lichenoides chronica, and 5.3% had reactions described as atypical. The top three COVID-19 vaccinations reported were Pfizer-BioNTech (47.9%), Oxford-AstraZeneca (11.7%), and Moderna (8.5%). Pityriasis reactivity was reported most frequently after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination, with pityriasis rosea being the most common variant. A large difference was additionally found between the ratio of post-vaccination pityriasis reactions following Pfizer and Moderna vaccinations (5.63), and the ratio of Pfizer’s usage in the United States as of December 28, 2022 relative to that of Moderna (1.59). Further studies with adequate follow-up periods and diagnostic testing will thus need to be performed to elucidate the root of this discrepancy and better characterize the association between different pityriasis reactions and COVID-19 vaccinations.

Modified island flap for basal cell carcinoma of the nasal apex

Simona Kordeva, Georgi Tchernev — Tue, 06 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An 80-year-old female presented with an atrophic lesion in the area of the nasal apex, dating for the past 5-6 years. The lesion had a superficial telangiectasias and a pearly edge, measuring 1 cm in diameter. The patient denies painful sunburns in the past. Previous history of basal cell carcinomas located on the temporal and sacral regions. [...]

A lower eyelid and cheek defect reconstruction

Vittoria Cioppa, Pietro Rubegni, Ernesto De Piano — Mon, 16 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

A 91-year-old woman presented with a recurrent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma involving the right lower eyelid and cheek. Recurrence occurred after one month from an incomplete surgical excision: histology reported a tumor infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue and deep margin. [...]

Over-rotated Rieger flap for a large lateral nasal tip defect reconstruction

Ernesto De Piano, Pietro Rubegni, Francesca Falcinelli — Mon, 12 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A 65-year-old man presented with a melanoma in situ of the nasal tip. Complete excision was achieved after 2 “slow Mohs” stages, resulting in a circular 2.7´2.4 cm defect involving the right lateral nasal tip, dorsum and sidewall and extending to the perichondrium. [...]

Intramuscular versus intradermal botulinum toxin for forehead wrinkles: a review of side effects and efficacy

Mohammed Almashali, Rahaf R. Almutairi, Asem Shadid — Thu, 10 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a neurotoxin used for both cosmetic and non-cosmetic purposes. BTA is commonly administered as an intramuscular injection to treat wrinkles. However, when it comes to treating forehead wrinkles, intramuscular injection is associated with a greater rate of ptosis. Intradermal injection is currently thought to be a better alternative. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for research articles published between 1989 and 2023 using the following keywords: “intradermal,” “intramuscular,” “botulinum toxin,” and “forehead wrinkle.” The search yielded three randomized controlled trials and a double-blind, split-face case report on 58 patients. We found that although intradermal and intramuscular injections have symmetrical anti-wrinkle effects, the former results in a lower rate of ptosis and a greater degree of pain.