Knowledge, attitudes, practices and immediate psychological responses - its associated factors during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic – an epidemiological survey
Accepted: 7 February 2024
PDF: 32
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
As a result of the emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the Chinese city of Wuhan, a situation of socio-economic crisis and profound psychological distress rapidly occurred worldwide. Various psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health, including stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, and uncertainty during the COVID-19 outbreak, emerged progressively. The COVID-19 outbreak has a widespread impact on the economy, psyche, and daily living of the public. The pandemic situation of COVID-19 had one of the most challenging impacts on education in our nation’s history. The study aimed to gather comprehensive data on how the COVID-19 lockdown and its effects have affected students' overall well-being and mental health. By assessing their knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices towards the virus, as well as evaluating the psychological impact, such as fear, depression, and anxiety, we can gain valuable insights into the challenges faced by students during this unprecedented time.
Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. Wuhan Municipal Health Commission’s briefing on the current pneumonia epidemic. 2020. Available from: http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO statement regarding cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. 2020. Available from: http://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china
Agrahari R, Mohanty S, Vishwakarma K, et al. Update vision on COVID-19: structure, immune pathogenesis, treatment and safety assessment. Sensors International. 2021;2:100073. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100073
Alabdali A, Almakhalas K, Alhusain F, et al. The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Riyadh from an emergency medical services perspective. Pre-Hospital and Disaster Medicine. 2020;35:457-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X20000709
Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio Medica. 2020;91:157-60.
Hadi AG, Kadhom M, Hairunisa N, et al. A review on COVID-19: origin, spread, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 2020;10:7234-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC106.72347242
Ralph R, Lew J, Zeng T, et al. 2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2020;14:3-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12425
Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:300-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
Jafri MR, Zaheer A, Fatima S, et al. Mental health status of COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional study. Virology Journal. 2022;19:1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01729-3
Icel S. Psychological impact of Covid-19 on the mental health in families in Bar-Apwo Ward, Lira City: a case study in my family in Bar-Apwo Ward, Lira City West Division. Health Science Journal. 2021;15:1-5.
Serafini G, Parmigiani B, Amerio A, et al. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population. 2020;531-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201
Lades LK, Laffan K, Daly M, Delaney L. Daily emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2020;25:902-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12450
Khan M, Adil SF, Alkhathlan HZ, et al. COVID-19: a global challenge with old history, epidemiology and progress so far. Molecules. 2020;26:39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010039
Tadesse S, Muluye W. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education system in developing countries: a review. Open Journal of Social Sciences. 2020;8:159-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.810011
Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, et al., The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2007;5:1-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
Stewart-Brown S, Janmohamed K. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. User guide. 2008. Available from: http://www.mentalhealthpromotion.net/resources/user-guide.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t80221-000
Ng Fat L, Scholes S, Boniface S, et al. Evaluating and establishing national norms for mental well-being using the short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS): findings from the Health Survey for England. Quality of Life Research. 2017;26:1129-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1454-8
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001;16:606-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals. 2002;32:509-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06
Williams N. PHQ-9. Occupational Medicine. 2014;64:139-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt154
Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. A diagnostic meta-analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) algorithm scoring method as a screen for depression. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2015;37:67-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.09.009
Cannon DS, Tiffany ST, Coon H, et al. The PHQ-9 as a brief assessment of lifetime major depression. Psychological Assessment. 2007;19:247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.2.247
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006;166:1092-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
Williams N. The GAD-7 questionnaire. Occupational Medicine. 2014;64:224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt161
Spence SH. Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: a confirmatory factor-analytic study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1997;106:280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843X.106.2.280
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.