Tracing human papillomavirus in skin and mucosal squamous cell carcinoma: a histopathological retrospective survey
Accepted: 12 November 2023
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Objective: The annual incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been increasing worldwide. The causative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in SCC development of cutaneous has been controversial in the literature. In this study, we aimed to assess the presence of the histopathological features of HPV in SCC samples. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary referral skin center in 2020. Specimens of patients with a definite SCC diagnosis were evaluated for histopathological features of HPV, including koilocytosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hypergranulosis, parakeratosis, solar elastosis, papillomatosis, as well as the grade of the tumor. All the samples were re-evaluated by two dermatopathologists independently. Results: a total of 331 (male:female ratio= 3.9:1) cases of SCC were analyzed. The mean age was 68.1, with a 15.1 standard deviation. Most lesions were located on the face (40.5%), followed by the scalp (22.7%) and extremities (20.8%). Koilocytes were detected in 50 (15.1%) of lesions. The koilocytosis proportion was significantly higher in lesions on nails (38.1%, P-value= 0.007), oral cavity (36.8%, P-value= 0.014), and genitalia lesions (60.0%, P-value= 0.026). Although SCCs in-situ were found in 6.6% of our specimens, the highest koilocytosis proportion (64.7%) was detected in in-situ tumors, which was significantly more than other grades (P-value< 0.001). Conclusions: The histopathological features of HPV and in specific koilocytes can be frequently seen in SCC pathology. This association is more prominent in nail, oral, and genital lesions and is significantly higher in well-differentiated SCC.
ABADI, M. A., HO, G. Y. F., BURK, R. D., ROMNEY, S. L. & KADISH, A. S. 1998. Stringent criteria for histological diagnosis of koilocytosis fail to eliminate overdiagnosis of human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1. Human Pathology, 29, 54-59.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(98)90390-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(98)90390-2
AGGARWAL, S., ARORA, V. K., GUPTA, S., SINGH, N. & BHATIA, A. 2009. Koilocytosis: correlations with high-risk HPV and its comparison on tissue sections and cytology, urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol, 37, 174-7.https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.20978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.20978
ALDABAGH, B., ANGELES, J. G., CARDONES, A. R. & ARRON, S. T. 2013. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus: is there an association? Dermatol Surg, 39, 1-23.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02558.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02558.x
ANG, K. K., HARRIS, J., WHEELER, R., WEBER, R., ROSENTHAL, D. I., NGUYEN-TÂN, P. F., et al. 2010. Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med, 363, 24-35.https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0912217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0912217
ARRON, S. T., JENNINGS, L., NINDL, I., ROSL, F., BOUWES BAVINCK, J. N., SEÇKIN, D., et al. 2011. Viral oncogenesis and its role in nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol, 164, 1201-13.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10322.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10322.x
ASHINOFF, R., LI, J. J., JACOBSON, M., FRIEDMAN-KIEN, A. E. & GERONEMUS, R. G. 1991. Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nail Bed and Finger Determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Archives of Dermatology, 127, 1813-1818.https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1991.04520010059008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.127.12.1813
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.