Serum interleukin 6 concentration in patients with pemphigus
https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2024.9868
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease that detrimentally affects the integumentary system and decreases patients’ quality of life. Recent studies have shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is closedly involved in the immunophathogenesis of pemphigus. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis and severity of pemphigus disease. The case-series study was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Dermato-Venereology from January 2022 to August 2022, involving 26 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), 4 patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and 20 healthy volunteers. The serum IL-6 concentrations of patients with PV and PF were significantly higher than those of the healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with a positive than a negative Nikolsky sign (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the serum IL-6 concentration and the pemphigus disease area index (r = 0.8, P < 0.001). Our results suggest that IL-6 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of pemphigus. Therefore, new therapies targeting IL-6 may be a promising choice for treating pemphigus, especially in its severe forms.
Grando SA. Pemphigus autoimmunity: hypotheses and realities. Autoimmunity. 2012;45(1):7-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/08916934.2011.606444
Schmidt E, Kasperkiewicz M, Joly P. Pemphigus. Lancet (London, England). 2019;394(10201):882-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31778-7
Nishifuji K, Amagai M, Kuwana M, Iwasaki T, Nishikawa T. Detection of antigen-specific B cells in patients with pemphigus vulgaris by enzyme-linked immunospot assay: requirement of T cell collaboration for autoantibody production. The Journal of investigative dermatology. 2000;114(1):88-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00840.x
Amagai M, Tanikawa A, Shimizu T, Hashimoto T, Ikeda S, Kurosawa M, et al. Japanese guidelines for the management of pemphigus. The Journal of dermatology. 2014;41(6):471-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.12486
Langan SM, Smeeth L, Hubbard R, Fleming KM, Smith CJ, West J. Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris--incidence and mortality in the UK: population based cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2008;337(7662):a180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a180
Huang YH, Kuo CF, Chen YH, Yang YW. Incidence, mortality, and causes of death of patients with pemphigus in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. The Journal of investigative dermatology. 2012;132(1):92-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.249
Hsu DY, Brieva J, Sinha AA, Langan SM, Silverberg JI. Comorbidities and inpatient mortality for pemphigus in the U.S.A. The British journal of dermatology. 2016;174(6):1290-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14463
Masjedi M, Esmaeil N, Saffaei A, Abtahi-Naeini B, Pourazizi M, Haghjooy Javanmard S, et al. Cytokine Indexes in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Perception of Its Immunpathogenesis and Hopes for Non-Steroidal Treatment. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR. 2017;16(3):1223-9.
D'Auria L, Bonifati C, Mussi A, D'Agosto G, De Simone C, Giacalone B, et al. Cytokines in the sera of patients with pemphigus vulgaris: interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels are significantly increased as compared to healthy subjects and correlate with disease activity. European cytokine network. 1997;8(4):383-7.
López-Robles E, Avalos-Díaz E, Vega-Memije E, Hojyo-Tomoka T, Villalobos R, Fraire S, et al. TNFalpha and IL-6 are mediators in the blistering process of pemphigus. International journal of dermatology. 2001;40(3):185-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.2001.01083.x
Narbutt J, Lukamowicz J, Bogaczewicz J, Sysa-Jedrzejowska A, Torzecka JD, Lesiak A. Serum concentration of interleukin-6 is increased both in active and remission stages of pemphigus vulgaris. Mediators of inflammation. 2008;2008:875394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/875394
Keskin DB, Stern JN, Fridkis-Hareli M, Razzaque Ahmed A. Cytokine profiles in pemphigus vulgaris patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulins as compared to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Cytokine. 2008;41(3):315-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2007.12.007
Chriguer RS, Roselino AM, de Castro M. Glucocorticoid sensitivity and proinflammatory cytokines pattern in pemphigus. Journal of clinical immunology. 2012;32(4):786-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-012-9679-y
Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. 2014;6(10):a016295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a016295
Mihara M, Hashizume M, Yoshida H, Suzuki M, Shiina M. IL-6/IL-6 receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions. Clinical science (London, England : 1979). 2012;122(4):143-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110340
Rose-John S, Winthrop K, Calabrese L. The role of IL-6 in host defence against infections: immunobiology and clinical implications. Nature reviews Rheumatology. 2017;13(7):399-409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2017.83
Kumari N, Dwarakanath BS, Das A, Bhatt AN. Role of interleukin-6 in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. 2016;37(9):11553-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-5098-7
Fu Y, Tang L, Hu M, Xiang Z, Hu Y. Changes of serum interleukin-6 in healthy pregnant women and establishment of relevant reference intervals. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2020;502:116-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.013
Kishimoto T. Factors affecting B-cell growth and differentiation. Annual review of immunology. 1985;3:133-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.03.040185.001025
Ishihara K, Hirano T. IL-6 in autoimmune disease and chronic inflammatory proliferative disease. Cytokine & growth factor reviews. 2002;13(4-5):357-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00027-8
Metwally D, Fawzy M, ElKalioby M, Hegazy R, Hay RA, Abd-Elreheem H, et al. Assessment of the Quality of Life, Prevalence of Depression, and the Level of Interleukin 6 in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris. Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC. 2020;28(2):57-62.
Mortazavi H, Esmaili N, Khezri S, Khamesipour A, Vasheghani Farahani I, Daneshpazhooh M, et al. The effect of conventional immunosuppressive therapy on cytokine serum levels in pemphigus vulgaris patients. Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology. 2014;13(3):174-83.
Nishimoto N, Kishimoto T. Inhibition of IL-6 for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Current opinion in pharmacology. 2004;4(4):386-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2004.03.005
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Downloads
Citations
